Carbon offsets are credits representing the removal of one ton of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. These offsets are obtainable through activities such as planting trees or carbon capture and legally offset the amount of carbon that a...
securities
chattel mortgage
Chattel Mortgage is an antiquated term for a mortgage on movable personal goods such as a machinery or vehicle (as opposed to real estate) where the lender holds an interest in the property as security/collateral for the loan. Today these...
chattel paper
Chattel paper refers to a document used in secured transactions to sell property on credit while retaining some interest in the property. Chattel paper must show:
A monetary obligation from Party A to Party B, and A security...churn
Churn, in the context of stock trading, means making numerous risky and excessive transactions to generate high commissions against the customer's character of account and objectives by a broker.
See: Churning
[Last...
churning
Churning is an unethical business practice by some stock brokers which occurs when a broker, exercising control over the volume and frequency of trades, abuses their customer’s confidence for personal gain by initiating transactions that are...
classical theory of insider trading
The classical theory of insider trading is a form of insider trading where a corporate insider—i.e. an employee, director, or officer—commits securities fraud under Rule 10b-5 by trading in securities of their company on the basis of material...
closely held corporation
A closely held corporation is a corporation which is owned by an individual or small group of shareholders, who are often members of the same family. Shares of a closely held corporation are generally not traded in the securities market(s)....
comfort letter
Comfort letters are statements from an issuer’s auditor that the auditor reviewed the issuer’s financial data and assures its accuracy.
In public offerings, underwriters generally request comfort letters to establish a due...
commerce
Commerce refers generally to the activity of exchanging products, goods, and services for financial gain. The word commerce usually is used to mean economic activity broadly on a national or other large scale. Commerce can be used in many...
Commerce Clause
The Commerce Clause refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the power “to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among states, and with the Indian tribes.”
Congress has often...