Dynamite charges (also referred to as allen, nitroglycerin, shotgun, or third-degree charges) refer to jury instructions given to a hung jury urging them to agree on a verdict. Dynamite charges are controversial as some claim they overly pressure parts of the jury to change their opinions and cave to peer pressure, especially minority opinions. Because of this, many states do not allow dynamite charges, but the Federal courts may use dynamite charges.
Here is an example of a model dynamite charge from the Ninth Circuit:
“Members of the jury, you have reported that you have been unable to reach a unanimous verdict in this case. I have decided to suggest a few additional thoughts to you.
As jurors, you have a duty to discuss the case with one another and to deliberate in an effort to reach a unanimous verdict if each of you can do so without violating your individual judgment and conscience. Each of you must decide the case for yourself, but only after you consider the evidence impartially with your fellow jurors. During your deliberations, you should not hesitate to reexamine your own views and change your opinion if you become persuaded that it is wrong. You should not, however, change an honest belief as to the weight or effect of the evidence solely because of the opinions of your fellow jurors or for the mere purpose of returning a verdict.
I also remind you that in your deliberations you are to consider the instructions that I have given you as a whole. You should not single out any part of any instruction, including this one, and ignore others. They are all equally important.
What I have just said is not meant to rush you or pressure you into agreeing on a verdict. Take as much time as you need to discuss things. There is no hurry.
I ask that you now return to the jury room and continue your deliberations with these additional comments in mind.”
[Last updated in January of 2022 by the Wex Definitions Team]