Test cases refer to legal actions brought with the intention of challenging or receiving clarification on a present law. The strategy usually involves creating a “controversy” to get into a court that otherwise would not lead to a legal...
trial process/advocacy
trial de novo
A trial de novo is a new trial on an entire case, where both questions of fact and issues of law are determined as if there had been no trial in the first instance. A trial de novo is typically used to challenge awards found in arbitration...
trial judge
Trial judge is the judge of a trial court. Cases must be heard by the trial judge before reaching appellate courts. The trial judge will decide motions to dismiss, rule on whether evidence is admissible or not, empanel the jury, preside over...
warrantless
Warrantless means that government officers carry out a search or arrest without a warrant or any other legal authorization. The requirement of a warrant serves to protect individuals’ privacy interests against unreasonable governmental...
witness
In legal proceedings, witnesses can serve as sources of evidence, offering firsthand accounts that can corroborate or refute claims made by parties involved. Their testimony can influence the outcome of a case by providing insights that might...