Youngstown Sheet & Tube v. Sawyer, 342 U.S. 579 (1952) was a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court had to decide on the applicability of the President's national security powers on seizing private property. President Truman had ordered the...
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your Honor
Your Honor is the honorific for a judge, and the traditional manner in which a judge would be addressed; usually appearing in court activities. See, e.g. Uttecht v. Brown, 551 U.S. 1, 23 (2007).
[Last updated in April of 2022 by the...
youthful offender
A youthful offender is an adolescent who committed a crime, who may not be tried in an adult court; instead will be tried in a juvenile court. The youthful offenders may take some responsibility for the unlawful behavior and may not be...
Zambrano
Zambrano (Zambrano v. I.N.S.) was a class action case that lasted from 1988 to 2002 in which the plaintiffs, undocumented aliens, challenged I.N.S. regulations, arguing they unduly restrict the eligibility of undocumented aliens who might...
zealous witness
A zealous witness is someone whose testimony is clearly biased in favor of the party for whom they are testifying. This is usually the case when a witness shows far more than expected enthusiasm when providing testimony.
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zero tape
Zero tape (also called a zero report) refers to a file produced by electronic voter machines which show that the machine has no votes tallied at the beginning of an election. Many states require poll workers to retrieve a zero tape before...
zone of danger rule
The zone of danger rule is a doctrine that limits the liability of persons accused of negligent infliction of emotional distress ("NIED"). If the zone of danger rule applies, plaintiffs suing for NIED may only recover damages if they were (1) "placed...
zoning
Zoning is a legislative act dividing a jurisdiction's land into sections and regulating different land uses in each section in accordance with a zoning ordinance.
Flexibility in Zoning:A number of devices allow governing boards to include...
zoning ordinance
A municipal law that outlines permitted uses for various sections of land. Thus, some parts of a city may be dedicated to industrial use, while others may be set aside for residential or commercial use only. A zoning ordinance may also regulate...