In international criminal law, extermination refers to the mass murder of a demographic group. Extermination is a crime against humanity codified in Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Extermination...
human rights
First Amendment
Overview
The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects the right to freedom of religion and freedom of expression from government interference. It prohibits any laws that establish a national religion, impede the free...
forced pregnancy
Forced pregnancy is defined as when someone becomes pregnant against their will and cannot easily access abortion care. Forced pregnancy could be a war crime punishable by the International Criminal Court (ICC). The crime has the following...
forcible transfer
The term "forcible transfer" describes the forced relocation of civilian populations as part of an organized offensive against that population. It is a crime against humanity punishable by the International Criminal Court (ICC). The fifth...
fundamental right
Overview
Fundamental rights are a group of rights that have been recognized by the Supreme Court as requiring a high degree of protection from government encroachment. These rights are specifically identified in the Constitution (especially...
Furman v. Georgia (1972)
Furman v. Georgia (1972) is a U.S. Supreme Court case regarding the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment in death penalty cases. In this case, petitioner William Henry Furman was convicted of murder in Georgia; petitioner...
genocide
Genocide is one of the greatest crimes under international law, often called the "crime of crimes" after the Nuremburg Trials. According to Article 2 of the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of...
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004)
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507, is a U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that even people detained as enemy combatants have the constitutional right to challenge their detention before a neutral decision maker.
...hate crime
A hate crime is a criminal act motivated by another person's (usually the victim's) race, color, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability. It is also called a bias crime. A hate crime can be a crime...
Hate Crimes Act
Hate Crimes Act of 2009, which is also known as the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, is an act of Congress which was passed on October 22, 2009. The Hate Crimes Act defines the term hate crime as well as the...