commercial activities

annuity

Annuities are long-term contracts between individuals and insurance companies that individuals typically enter into as part of retirement planning. Individuals make payments to the insurance company, which the insurance company will in...

anti-greenmail provision

An anti-greenmail provision is a provision within a corporate charter that prevents the company’s board of directors from making greenmail payments.

Greenmail payments refer to payments made by a corporation to buy out the...

anticipatory breach

In contract law, anticipatory breach occurs when a party repudiates prior to the date that the performance is due. Anticipatory breach is an excuse for non-performance by the non-breaching party. A party can retract its anticipatory breach provided...

antitrust laws

The three key federal statutes in Antitrust Law are Sherman Act Section 1, Sherman Act Section 2, and the Clayton Act.

The Per Se Rule v. the Rule of Reason:

Violations under the Sherman Act take one of two forms -- either...

antitrust violations

Antitrust violations occur when an antitrust law is broken; laws protecting trade and commerce from abusive practices such as price-fixing, restraints, price discrimination, and monopolization. The three key federal statutes in Antitrust Law...

apparent authority

Apparent authority is the power of an agent to act on behalf of a principal, even though not expressly or impliedly granted. This power arises only if a third party reasonably infers, from the principal's conduct, that the principal granted...

appraisal

An appraisal is the process by which the value of an item or property is determined. This is necessary in a variety of contexts. One common instance is in the purchase, sale or refinancing of homes or other real estate. Appraisals are also...

appraise

To appraise is to determine the value of an object or piece of property. This is done by an expert called an appraiser, the result of this action called an appraisal. This is necessary in a variety of contexts, such as the purchase, sale or...

appraiser

An appraiser is an expert hired to examine an object or piece of property to determine its value. This determination is called an appraisal, and is commonly required for the purchase, sale, or refinancing of real estate or to gain insurance...

appreciate

Appreciate means to increase in value (the opposite of depreciate). It may also mean: to understand or recognize the value or significance of something or someone.