To authenticate means to prove or verify the authenticity of a thing; to show something to be genuine or real. To authenticate may also be to officially attest to the authenticity of something or to give authority by proof or by other legally...
ACADEMIC TOPICS
authentication
In regards to contracts or other documents, authentication means to sign or to execute the document.
Authentication commonly refers to providing sufficient evidence for a reasonable juror to conclude that the evidence a...
autopsy
Autopsy, borrowed from the Greek autopsia, meaning “the act of seeing with one’s own eyes” means the detailed medical examination, and/or dissection of a dead body to determine the cause of death, or for any scientific and medical purpose....
avowal
Avowal is a declaration made by an attorney during the trial process. This is an open declaration by an attorney representing a party in a lawsuit, made after the jury has been removed from the courtroom, that requests the admission of...
Bachelor of Laws
Bachelor of Laws (abbreviated as LL.B., LLB, or rarely Ll.B.) is an undergraduate law degree. In most common law countries (with the exceptions of all Canadian provinces except Quebec, and the U.S.), the LL.B. program is generally entered...
background fact
Background facts are facts in a case that help an observer understand the origins of a specific legal issue or dispute. Background facts are not necessary to answer any question of law, it simply provides essential context. Additionally,...
badgering the witness
Badgering the witness is an objection that counsel can make during a cross-examination of a witness where opposing counsel becomes hostile or asks argumentative questions. If an attorney begins repeatedly asking a witness about the same thing...
bail
Bail is the money a defendant pays as a guarantee that they will show up in court at a later date. A failure to return triggers the bond obligation and allows the court to keep any money given as security. According to the American Bar...
bailout
A bailout is when the government gives financial support to rescue a company that is in financial trouble and possibly at risk for bankruptcy. The bailout enables the survival of the company. The need for a bailout often arises out of a financial...
Baker v. Carr (1962)
Baker v. Carr (1962) is the U.S. Supreme Court case that held that federal courts could hear cases alleging that a state’s drawing of electoral boundaries, i.e. redistricting, violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment...