The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution and a specialized agency of the United Nations. The IMF was planned and proposed in July 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference and began financial operations on...
international law
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Petitioners, Joseph Jesner, et al. (“Jesner”), are non-residents of the United States who were injured by terrorists in the Middle East. In re Arab Bank, PLC Alien Tort Statute Litigation, 808 F.3d 144, 147 (2d Cir. 2015 ). Respondent, Arab Bank, PLC (...
(Wex page)
Jus cogens, or compelling law, refers to a category of norms that govern customary international law. The Latin term is used interchangeably with the English term “peremptory norm”.
Jus cogens norms differ from other norms...
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Esther Kiobel represents a class of citizens from the Ogoni region in Nigeria who filed a class action suit against the respondents Royal Dutch Petroleum, Shell Transport and Trading Company and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (“Royal...
(LIIBULLETIN preview (pre-2014))
Oral argument: Feb. 28, 2012
Appealed from: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (Sep. 17, 2010)
ALIEN TORT STATUTE, CORPORATIONS, INTERNATIONAL LAW, TORT LIABILITYPetitioners Esther Kiobel and others, on behalf of a...
(Wex page)
Definition
A legal system is a procedure or process for interpreting and enforcing the law.
OverviewThere are hundreds of legal systems in the world. At the global level, international law is of great importance, whether created by the...
(LIIBULLETIN preview (pre-2014))
Oral argument: Oct. 10, 2007
Appealed from: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Nov. 15, 2006)
SEPARATION OF POWERS, INTERNATIONAL LAW, FEDERALISM, VIENNA CONVENTION ON CONSULAR RELATIONS, INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE, AVENAJosé Ernesto...
(Wex page)
Most favored nation is a clause frequently included in bilateral investment treaties ("BITs") which provides that a host state shall treat all of its trading partners equally. Under such a clause, if the host state lowers a tariff for one trading...
(Wex page)
Treaties between a large number of states, usually (though not always) denoting participation by a majority of the world's states. Multilateral treaties cover practically every substantive field of international law, from human rights to inter-state...
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In March 2007, Carol Sachs purchased a four-day Eurail pass for travel in Austria and the Czech Republic from Rail Pass Experts (“RPE”), a Massachusetts company. See Sachs v. Republic of Austria, 737 F.3d 584, 587 (9th Cir. 2013). Sachs purchased the...